高考英语一轮复习总结测试Unit 5 The power of nature 人教版选修 本文关键词：选修，人教版，高考英语，复习，测试
高考英语一轮复习总结测试Unit 5 The power of nature 人教版选修 本文简介：2015届高考英语一轮复习总结测试Unit5Thepowerofnature人教版选修6一、单项填空（本大题共5小题，共10分）Ihaven’tgotanypaper_____.A.towriteB.forwritingC.towriteinD.towriteon(2014·德州模拟)You’dbe
高考英语一轮复习总结测试Unit 5 The power of nature 人教版选修 本文内容：
2015届高考英语一轮复习总结测试Unit
5
The
power
of
nature
人教版选修6
一
、单项填空（本大题共5小题，共10分）
I
haven’t
got
any
paper
_____.
A.
to
write
B.
for
writing
C.
to
write
in
D.
to
write
on
(2014·德州模拟)You’d
better
take
into
account
your
own________and
weaknesses
before
choosing
a
major.
A．strengths
B．benefits
C．dislikes
D．favorites
It’s
what
he
did
_________
what
he
said
that
moved
us.
A.
except
for
B.
but
so
C.
instead
D.
rather
than
(2014届·湖南长沙四校二模)—Is
the
letter
from
your
mother?
—Yes.But
she
________the
letter
herself，because
she
doesn’t
even
know
one
word.
A．needn’t
have
written
B．can’t
have
written
C．might
not
have
written
D．should
not
have
written
2015届浙江省绍兴一中高三上学期回头考试（201409）】30.
I
got
to
the
office
earlier
that
day,________
the
7:30
train
from
Paddington.
A.
caught
B.
to
have
caught
C.
to
catch
D.
having
caught
二
、完形填空（本大题共1小题，共30分）
Recently,I
stopped
by
a
convenience
store
to
get
a
news
paper
and
a
bottle
of
drink.
The
young
woman
at
the
check-out
counter
said,“That’ll
be
five
dollars
1
please.”
She
then
2
down
at
the
paper
I
was
3
and
said,“I’m
sick
and
4
all
this
negative
(消极的)
stuff
on
the
front
5
.
I
want
to
read
some
6
news
for
a
change.”
She
then
said,“In
fact,I
think
someone
should
just
7
a
Good
News
newspaper—a
paper
with
wonderful,inspirational
8
about
people
overcoming
difficulty
and
doing
good
things
for
9
.
I’d
buy
one
every
day!”
She
then
10
me
for
coming
in
and
said,“Maybe
we’ll
get
some
good
news,”
and
she
laughed.
She
made
my
day.
The
following
day
after
my
business
appointments,I
11
the
same
store
again
to
12
bottled
water
and
a
piece
of
newspaper,but
a
13
young
lady
was
behind
the
counter.
As
I
checked
out
I
said,“Good
afternoon”
and
handed
her
my
14
.
She
said
nothing—not
a
word,not
a
smile
or
not
a
gesture.
She
just
handed
me
my
change
and
15
a
negative
tone
ordered.
.
.
“Next!”
It
hit
me
right
between
the
eyes:
Two
people,the
same
age;
16
made
me
feel
great,and
the
other,well,made
me
feel
that
I
had
inconvenienced
her
by
17
.
Every
morning,you
should
ask
18
this
important
question,“Who
do
I
want
to
be
today?
‘The
Grouch
(不高兴的人)
’or
‘The
Good
News
Girl’?”
Your
answer
will
do
great
good
to
19
the
joy
and
happiness
that
you
will
experience
in
your
20
.
1.
A.
at
allB.
in
allC.
for
allD.
all
for
2.
A.
staredB.
glaredC.
glancedD.
noticed
3.
A.
carryingB.
takingC.
readingD.
buying
4.
A.
tired
ofB.
interested
in
C.
concerned
aboutD.
fond
of
5.
A.
columnsB.
editionsC.
pagesD.
parts
6.
A.
badB.
goodC.
latestD.
interesting
7.
A.
collectB.
printC.
sellD.
publish
8.
A.
storiesB.
ideasC.
conceptsD.
experiences
9.
A.
rewardsB.
somethingC.
othersD.
nothing
10.
A.
praisedB.
thankedC.
appreciatedD.
criticized
11.
A.
dropped
outB.
dropped
off
C.
dropped
onD.
dropped
by
12.
A.
pick
upB.
take
upC.
bring
upD.
carry
up
13.
A.
beautifulB.
fantasticC.
differentD.
stupid
14.
A.
cardB.
moneyC.
dollarD.
change
15.
A.
withB.
atC.
throughD.
in
16.
A.
oneB.
whoC.
whatD.
it
17.
A.
moving
upB.
going
awayC.
showing
upD.
showing
off
18.
A.
herB.
themC.
yourselfD.
themselves
19.
A.
creatingB.
determining
C.
enjoyingD.
guaranteeing
20.
A.
homeB.
work
C.
studyD.
life
三
、阅读理解（本大题共3小题，共30分）
A
One
day
a
few
years
ago,a
very
funny
thing
happened
to
a
neighbour
of
mine.
He
is
a
teacher
at
one
of
London
s
big
medical
schools.
He
had
finished
his
teaching
for
the
summer
term
and
was
at
the
airport
on
his
way
to
Russia
to
give
a
lecture.
He
had
put
a
few
clothes
and
his
lecture
notes
in
his
shoulder
bag,but
he
had
put
Rupert,the
skeleton(人体骨架)
to
be
used
in
his
lecture,in
a
large
brown
suitcase
(箱子).
At
the
airport
desk,he
suddenly
thought
that
he
had
forgoten
to
buy
a
newspaper.
He
left
his
suitcase
near
the
desk
and
went
over
to
the
shop.
When
he
got
back
he
discovered
that
someone
had
taken
his
suitcase
by
mistake.
He
often
wonders
what
they
said
when
they
got
home
and
found
Rupert.
l.
Who
wrote
the
story?
A.Rupert
s
teacher.
B.The
neighbour
s
teacher.
C.A
medical
school
teacher.
D.The
teacher
s
neighbour.
2.
Why
did
the
teacher
put
a
skeleton
in
his
suitcase?
A.
He
needed
it
for
the
summer
term
in
London.
B.
He
needed
it
for
the
lecture
he
was
going
to
give.
C.
He
wanted
to
take
it
to
Russia
for
medical
research.
D.
He
wanted
to
take
it
home
as
he
had
finished
his
teaching.
3.
What
happened
at
the
airport?
A.
The
skeleton
went
missing.
B.
The
skeleton
was
stolen.
C.
The
teacher
forgot
his
suitcase.
D.
The
teacher
took
the
wrong
suitcase.
4.
Which
of
the
following
best
tells
the
teacher
s
feeling
about
the
incident?
A.
He
is
very
angry.
B.
He
think
it
rather
funny
C.
He
feels
helpless
without
Rupert.
D.
He
feels
good
without
Rupert.
5.
Which
of
the
following
might
have
happened
afterwards?
A.
The
teacher
got
back
the
suitcase
but
not
Rupert.
B.
The
teacher
got
back
neither
the
suitcase
nor
Rupert.
C.
The
teacher
got
back
Rupert
but
not
the
suitcase.
D.
The
teacher
got
back
both
the
suitcase
and
Rupert.
B
（2014江苏卷）
A
Never
before
had
a
kitchen
so
much
of
a
History
It
tells
of
Freedom,Success,and
of
the
Architecture
of
big
American
cities.
Because
that
is
where
it
started:
in
the
second
half
of
the
19th
century!
Welcome
to
a
new
Era
of
Kitchen
Interior
Design
Back
then,a
Generation
of
successful
American
Entrepreneurs
dreamt
of
a
new
style
of
Architecture
to
express
their
personal
wealth.
This
dream
was
realized
by
young
architects
such
as
Daniel
Burnham
and
Stanford
White.
They
all
had
studied
at
the
Ecole
des
Beaux-Arts
in
Paris.
And
they
created
a
new
style
for
Architecture
and
Interior
Design,named
after
the
famous
French
Art
Institute:
Beaux
Arts.
SieMatic
BcauxArts
Breaks
and
Creates
In
fact
it
was
not
a
new
style
at
all,but
a
composition
of
styles
from
different
periods
and
cultures.
Many
world-famous
structures
such
as
the
Chicago
Art
Institute
and
the
Statue
of
Liberty
account
for
it.
But
what
does
that
have
to
do
with
your
kitchen?
Just
as
much
as
you
want
it
to.
Because
in
the
same
way
that
the
anti-conventional
architects
back
then
took
the
freedom
to
combine
elements
from
different
historical
eras,today,you
too
can
break
the
conventional
rules
of
style
and
create
something
new:
your
own
personal
composition
of
your
kitchen.
For
that,SieMatic
BeauxArts
offers
unique
opportunities:
A
broad
range
of
seemingly
conflicting
features
that
you
combine
to
a
harmonious
design
of
your
own.
You
can
choose
from
menu
of
various
forms,appealing
colors,and
precious
materials,to
create
an
environment
that
is
much
more
than
just
a
kitchen:
a
reflection
of
your
personality.
56.Why
did
the
BeauxArts
style
attract
American
entrepreneurs?
A.
It
helped
display
their
money
status.
B.
It
was
created
by
famous
architects.
C.
It
was
named
after
a
famous
institute.
D.
It
represented
the
19th
century
urban
culture.
57.What
is
unique
of
SieMatic
BeauxArts?
A.Its
designs
are
anti-conventional.
B.Its
designs
come
from
famous
structures.
C.Its
customers
can
enjoy
their
own
composition.
D.Its
customers
can
choose
from
various
new
styles.
C
With
the
development
of
modern,fight
weight
materials
and
computer
technology,the
promise
of
flying
cars
may
be
about
to
be
fulfilled.
Many
inventors
and
companies
are
working
on
their
versions
of
flying
cars
that
they
hope
will
revolutionize
personal
travel.
The
front
runner
in
the
race
to
build
the
first
workable
flying
car
is
Paul
Moiler,who
has
spent
forty
years
building
and
testing
personal
aircraft.
His
current
version
of
flying
car
is
the
Skycar,the
M400,which
reaches
400
mph
and
has
a
range
of
750
miles.
Its
fuel
mileage
will
match
that
of
a
medium-sized
car,getting
20
miles
to
one
gallon
of
gasoline.
In
accidents,it
would
use
parachutes
and
both
interior
and
exterior
air
bags
to
ensure
a
soft
landing.
So
far
there
is
only
one
copy
of
the
M400
for
personal
use.
Moiler
predicts
a
commercial
version
of
the
Skycar
will
be
available
in
ten
or
fifteen
years.
Macro
Industries
of
Huntsville,Alabama
is
developing
a
flying
car
called
the
Skyrider
X2-R.
The
X2-R
has
a
maximum
speed
of
355
mph
with
a
range
of
800
miles.
Macro
Claims
that
the
production
version
of
their
flying
car
will
be
available
in
about
five
years.
The
CarterCopter,being
developed
by
Carter
Aviation
Technologies,can
fly
at
five
hundred
miles
an
hour.
Company
founder,Jay
Carter,does
not
consider
creating
a
production
model
in
the
near
future.
He
does
suggest,however,that
when
the
first
production
model
is
available,it
can
take
a
handful
of
passengers
between
nearby
cities,beating
commercial
jets
(喷气式飞机)
because
the
trip
would
be
between
downtown
heliports,removing
the
need
to
go
to
distant
airports.
All
of
these
flying
cars
Will
never
get
off
the
ground
unless
there
is
a
tracking
system
to
control
them
while
they
are
in
flight.
Fortunately,NASA
has
developed
the
Highway
in
the
Sky.
Using
satellites
and
global
positioning
system,it
will
provide
a
heads-up
display
for
a
pilot.
It
will
be
much
like
a
video
game,creating
a
kind
of
virtual
box
in
which
the
pilot
has
to
keep
his
vehicle
from
crashing
into
other
flying
cars.
60.
From
the
passage,we
can
learn
that
________.
A.
Paul
Moiler
is
the
first
to
experiment
on
flying
cars
B.
the
Skycar
consumes
less
fuel
than
a
medium-sized
car
C.
the
Skycar
is
equipped
with
effective
protective
equipment
D.
the
Skycar
is
the
fastest
flying
car
ever
invented
61.
So
far,if
people
want
to
experience
flying
cars,they
can
only
turn
to
________.
A.
the
Skycar,the
M400
B.
the
Skyrider
X2-R
C.
the
CarterCopter
D.
Highway
in
the
Sky
62.
What
does
Jay
Carter
think
of
the
present
commercial
jets?
A.
They
can
t
carry
as
many
passengers
as
flying
cars.
B.
They
are
not
suitable
for
short-distance
flights.
C.
Passengers
will
be
charged
too
much
for
taking
them.
D.
They
sometimes
waste
time
and
cause
the
trouble
of
traveling
long
distance.
63.
What
is
the
Highway
in
the
Sky?
A.
It
is
a
new
type
of
flying
car.
B.
It
is
a
kind
of
video
game.
C.
It
is
a
global
positioning
system.
D.
It
is
a
tracking
system.
四
、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共30分）
每位同学都希望自己具有良好的人际关系，成为班级中受欢迎的人。请你根据下表所提供的信息，写一篇题为“Being
a
Popular
Student”的英语短文，参加学校网站英语论坛的讨论。
受人欢迎的
个性品质
对待集体
热心班级活动，具有团队精神，工作负责，……
对待他人
尊重、关心他人，富有同情心，……
对待自己
(请考生按照自己的实际拟定内容，列举至少两点)……
注意：1．对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
2．词数120左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
Being
a
Popular
Student
We
all
hope
to
be
popular
with
our
classmates
and
teachers．
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
一
、单项填空
【译文】
我没有写东西的纸了。
【答案及简析】
D。
在I
have
sth.
to
do句型中不定式得是及物动词。
解析：
句意为：在选专业之前你最好考虑你的优缺点。strength强项，优势，符合句意。
答案：
A
【译文】
是我们感动的是他所做的事而不是他所说的话。
【答案及简析】
D。
考查强调句型。rather
than“而不是“。
解析：
考查情态动词。句意为：——这封信是你母亲写来的吧？——是的。但这封信不可能是她自己写的，因为她一个字也不认识。根据because引导的原因状语从句可知，此处应用can’t
have
done表示对过去发生的事很有把握的否定推测。
答案：
B
【答案】【知识点】A9
非谓语动词
【答案解析】D。解析：
catch发生在got之前，应该用完成式，having
caught表示原因，相当于Because引导的原因状语从句。句意:那天我早到了办公室，（因为）赶上了7:30那趟来自帕丁顿的火车。
二
、完形填空
参考答案44.BCDAC
BDACB
DACBD
ACCBD
：
三
、阅读理解
1.【分析】这是一道细节题。文中.a
teacher
of
mine.
He
is
a
teacher
at
one
of
London
s
big
medical
schools.一句，提示考生该题答案为D。
2.【分析】这是一道细节题。文中第二段有the
skeleton
to
be
used
in
his
lecture可以判定该题最佳答案为B。
3.【分析】这又是一道细节题。文中说这位教师的箱子是被错拿了，故B不正确，forget一词是在脑海的记忆里忘了，而这位老师是把箱子left
near
the
desk.故C也不正确。正确答案是A。
4.【分析】这是一道推理题。从文中的He
often
wonders
what
they
sald…一句。可以推断作者丢了箱子之后的想法，故B为最佳答案。
5.【分析】这属于一道推理题。B为该题最佳答案。文中He
often
wonders…一句的时态，告诉人们这位老师经常纳闷捡到箱子的人会怎么想的。
【考点】考察广告类阅读
56.
【答案】A
【试题解析】推理题。根据Back
then,a
Generation
of
successful
American
Entrepreneurs
dreamt
of
a
new
style
of
Architecture
to
express
their
personal
wealth可知这种风格能够表现他们的私人财富，也就是说能够显示他们有钱。故A正确。
57.
【答案】C
【试题解析】推理题。根据you
too
can
break
the
conventional
rules
of
style
and
create
something
new:
your
own
personal
composition
of
your
kitchen.
For
that,SieMatic
BeauxArts
offers
unique
opportunities:
A
broad
range
of
seemingly
conflicting
features
that
you
combine
to
a
harmonious
design
of
your
own.可知SieMatic
BeauxArts让顾客有机会显示自己的构思。故C正确。
60．C
(解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句可知A项错误；依据第二段第三句可知B项错误；对比文中提到的flying
car的速度，可知D项错误；第二段第四句证明c项正确。)
61．A(解析：根据第二段“so
far
there
is
only
one
copy
of
the
M400
for
personal
use．”可以知道M400已经生产出来，供个人使用，因此现在人们能够体验的就是M400。)
62．D
63．D(解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段前两句，我们知道the
Highway
in
the
sky是一种电脑跟踪系统，可以让飞行汽车的驾驶员判断方向，又能躲避与其他的车辆相撞。)
四
、书面表达
【参考范本】One
possible
version：
Being
a
Popular
Student
We
all
hope
to
be
popular
with
our
classmates
and
teachers．To
enjoy
popularity．we
are
supposed
to
regard
the
class
as
our
big
family
and
even
offer
to
sacrifice
our
personal
interests
whenever
necessary．While
taking
an
active
part
in
all
our
class
activities，we
should
work
responsibly
to
build
up
a
good
reputation
as
a
team．
To
be
students
with
high
popularity，we
are
to
show
respect，concern
and
sympathy
for
others．And
we
should
never
hesitate
to
lend
a
hand
to
those
in
need．
To
be
a
popular
student．we
ought
to
be
strict
with
ourselves
in
everything
we
do
at
school
and
make
every
effort
to
achieve
all-round
development，being
good
not
only
at
our
lessons
but
also
at
sports,music，paintin9，social
services
and
so
on．In
time
ofssuccess
we
remain
modest，while
in
time
of
difficulty
we
keep
strong—minded．
All
in
all,popularity
among
classmates
and
teachers
comes
naturally
to
those
who
keep
improving
their
personal
qualities．
篇2：高考英语一轮复习总结测试Module 4 A Social Survey My Neighbourhood 外研版必修
高考英语一轮复习总结测试Module 4 A Social Survey My Neighbourhood 外研版必修 本文关键词：必修，高考英语，复习，测试，Social
高考英语一轮复习总结测试Module 4 A Social Survey My Neighbourhood 外研版必修 本文简介：2015届高考英语一轮复习总结测试Module4ASocialSurveyMyNeighbourhood外研版必修1一、单项填空（本大题共5小题，共10分）2015届江西省南昌二中高三上学期第一次考试（201408）】64.Hehasagreatinterestintennisand______it
高考英语一轮复习总结测试Module 4 A Social Survey My Neighbourhood 外研版必修 本文内容：
2015届高考英语一轮复习总结测试Module
4
A
Social
Survey
My
Neighbourhood
外研版必修1
一
、单项填空（本大题共5小题，共10分）
2015届江西省南昌二中高三上学期第一次考试（201408）】64.
He
has
a
great
interest
in
tennis
and
______
it
twice
a
week
over
the
past
year.
A.
plays
B.
played
C.
had
played
D.
has
been
playing
It’s
extremely
dangerous
for
the
drivers
to
_______
speed
as
the
traffic
lights
are
changing．
A．pull
upB．put
upC．rise
upD．pick
up
Yesterday
I
had
a
word
with
the
CEO
of
the
company,___
who
used
to
teach
at
Beijing
University．
A．one
B．the
one
C．that
D．it
【2013湖北】26.
In
much
of
the
animal
world,night
is
the
time
______
for
sleep—pure
and
simple.
A.
set
aside
B.
set
down
C.
set
off
D.
set
up
(2014届·浙江省第一次五校联考，28)China
s
reform
and
opening
has
been
going
on
for
________
is
like
about
30
years
now
and
it
s
really
quite
remarkable.
A．that
B．which
C．what
D．it
二
、完形填空（本大题共1小题，共30分）
“I
couldn’t
survive
without
music,”
says
fifteen-year-old
Steve.
In
the
morning,Steve
wakes
up
1
his
favorite
radio
station.
He
listens
to
rock
on
the
radio
while
he
eats
2
.
He
puts
on
his
personal
stereo
before
he
leaves
the
house
and
listens
to
cassettes
on
the
bus
to
3
.
“Last
week
I
put
my
headphones
on
in
the
maths
4,”
admits
Steve.
“The
teacher
was
really
5
.
She
took
my
headphones
away
and
I
couldn’t
use
them
for
a
week.
It
was
6
.”
At
home
Steve
does
his
homework
to
music—loud
music.
“My
mother
7
shouts‘turn
it
down!
’”says
Steve.
“She
can’t
8
how
I
can
work
9
music
on,but
music
10
me
to
concentrate.”
Steve
would
like
to
make
music
himself.
“I’m
learning
to
play
the
guitar.
11,it
doesn’t
sound
too
good
at
the
12
.
But
I’m
going
to
keep
practising!”
For
13
like
Steve,music
is
a
very
important
part
of
14
.
Music
is
social;
it
brings
people
together
at
discos,parties
and
concerts.
Fast,15
music
is
full
of
energy;
it
helps
people
to
16
their
problems
and
have
17
.
Music
talks
about
love,freedom
and
imagination.
There
are
always
new
songs
and
new
styles.
18
Steve’s
mother
agrees
that
music
brings
some
problems.
“Steve
is
a
sensible
boy,”
she
says.
“I
don’t
think
he
would
ever
take
drugs
hearing
rock.
But
I
19
worry
about
his
hearing
with
all
that
loud
music.
And
it
20
me
crazy!”
1.
A.
fromB.
forC.
withD.
to
2.
A.
breakfastB.
lunchC.
supperD.
dinner
3.
A.
workB.
officeC.
schoolD.
party
4.
A.
workshopB.
class
C.
dormitoryD.
schoolroom
5.
A.
excitedB.
worriedC.
angryD.
tired
6.
A.
terribleB.
hopelessC.
poorD.
surprising
7.
A.
usuallyB.
seldomC.
frequentlyD.
always
8.
A.
expectB.
bearC.
understandD.
believe
9.
A.
whileB.
atC.
forD.
with
10.
A.
helpsB.
leadsC.
causesD.
force
11.
A.
UnluckilyB.
Actually
C.
DisappointinglyD.
Necessarily
12.
A.
firstB.
lastC.
momentD.
time
13.
A.
boysB.
girls
C.
friendsD.
teenagers
14.
A.
studyB.
lifeC.
familyD.
school
15.
A.
soundB.
noisyC.
lightD.
loud
16.
A.
forgetB.
settleC.
removeD.
leave
17.
A.
smilesB.
futureC.
funD.
sense
18.
A.
AndB.
However
C.
MeanwhileD.
But
19.
A.
canB.
doC.
willD.
should
20.
A.
causesB.
resultsC.
drivesD.
leaves
三
、阅读理解（本大题共2小题，共20分）
A
B
Heroes
of
Our
Time
A
good
heart
Dikembe
Mutombo
grew
up
in
Africa
among
great
poverty
and
disease.
He
came
to
Georgetown
University
on
a
scholarship(奖学金)
to
study
medicine—but
Coach(教练)
John
Thompson
got
a
look
at
Dikembe
and
had
a
different
idea.
Dikembe
became
a
star
in
the
NBA,and
a
citizen
of
the
United
States.
But
he
never
forgot
the
land
of
his
birth,or
the
duty
to
share
his
fortune
with
others.
He
built
a
new
hospital
in
his
old
hometown
in
the
Congo.
Af
friend
has
said
of
this
good-hearted
man:
“Mutombo
believes
that
God
has
given
him
this
chance
to
do
great
things.”
Success
and
kindness
After
her
daughter
was
born,Julie
Aigner-Clark
searched
for
ways
to
share
her
love
of
music
and
art
with
her
child.
So
she
borrowed
some
equipment,and
began
filming
children’s
videos(录像)
in
her
own
house.
The
Baby
Einstein
Company
was
born,and
in
just
five
years
her
business
grew
to
more
than
$20
million
in
sales.
And
she
is
using
her
success
to
help
others—producing
child
safety
videos
with
John
Walsh
of
the
National
Center
for
Missing
and
Exploited
Children.
Julie
says
of
her
new
program:
“I
believe
it’s
the
most
important
thing
that
I
have
ever
done.
I
believe
that
children
have
the
right
to
live
in
a
world
that
is
safe.”
Bravery
and
courage
A
few
weeks
ago,Wesley
Autrey
was
waiting
at
a
Harlem
subway
station
with
his
two
little
girls
when
he
saw
a
man
fall
into
the
path
of
a
train.
With
seconds
to
act,Wesley
jumped
onto
the
tracks,pulled
the
man
into
the
space
between
the
rails(铁轨),and
held
him
as
the
train
passed
right
above
their
heads.
He
insists
he’s
not
a
hero.
He
says:
“We
have
got
to
show
each
other
some
love.”
60.
What
was
Mutombo
praised
for?
A.
Being
a
star
in
the
NBA.B.
Being
a
student
of
medicine.
C.
His
work
in
the
church.D.
His
willingness
to
help
the
needy.
61.
Mutombo
believes
that
building
the
new
hospital
is
______.
A.
helpful
to
his
personal
development
B.
something
he
should
do
for
his
homeland
C.
a
chance
for
his
friends
to
share
his
money
D.
a
way
of
showing
his
respect
to
the
NBA
62.
What
did
the
Baby
Einstein
Company
do
at
its
beginning?
A.
Produce
safety
equipment
for
children.
B.
Make
videos
to
help
protect
children.
C.
Sell
children’s
music
and
artwork.
D.
Look
for
missing
and
exploited
children.
63.
Why
was
Wesley
Autrey
praised
as
a
hero?
A.
He
helped
a
man
get
across
the
rails.
B.
He
stopped
a
man
from
destroying
the
rails.
C.
He
protected
two
little
girls
from
getting
hurt.
D.
He
saved
a
person
without
considering
his
own
safety.
B
One
of
the
strongest
arguments
for
the
raising
of
the
school
leaving
age（ROSLA）has
been
that
it
will
bring
us
some
way
nearer
to
“equality
of
opportunity”.
Many
people
like
to
think
of
our
present
system
of
schooling
as
providing
plenty
of
steps
up
the
ladder
of
success
for
clever
children.
It
would
be
good
to
think
that
no
one
who
is
really
bright
can
be
missed
out
when
the
state
system
is
obviously
so
complete.
It
is
obvious,for
instance,that
many
children
from
less
wealthy
homes
reach
university
or
do
well
in
other
ways.
Unfortunately
we
now
have
plenty
of
proofs
that
many
children
of
every
level
of
ability
do
much
less
well
than
they
could.
For
instance,during
the
years
of
national
military
service
it
was
possible
to
test
the
intelligence
of
all
male
18-to-20-year-olds.
Half
of
those
soldiers
who
were
placed
in
the
two
highest
ability
groups
had
left
school
at
15.
It
has
also
been
shown
that
the
percentage
of
working
class
children
going
to
university
is
almost
the
same
now
as
it
was
in
1939.
One
study
of
5,000
children
from
birth
to
21
years
old
shows
that
up
to
half
the
bright
pupils
from
working
class
homes
left
school
when
they
reached
16
years
old.
Moreover,there
is
no
difference
in
intelligence
between
the
sexes,but
far
more
boys
than
girls
stay
in
education
after
16.
It
is
clear
from
this
and
many
other
proofs
that
many
children
are
still
leaving
school
too
early
to
benefit
from
the
prizes—money,social
respectability,and
interesting
jobs—which
higher
education
gives.
It
is
clear
too
that
the
reasons
why
such
children
leave
have
much
to
do
with
their
social
background.
Their
parents
often
need
the
extra
money
another
money-earner
would
bring
in;
they
don’t
value
education
for
itself
because
their
own
was
probably
dull
and
unhappy.
It
is
not
so
much
that
they
force
their
sons
and
daughters
to
leave
school,rather
that
they
tend
to
say,“it’s
up
to
you”.
36.
It
is
hoped
that
ROSLA
will
give
all
children
________.
A.
a
more
enjoyable
time
at
school
B.
the
same
chances
in
society
C.
the
right
to
a
better
school
D.
higher
scores
in
intelligence
tests
37.
People
would
like
to
think
that
________.
A.
equal
numbers
of
poor
and
wealthy
children
reach
university
B.
those
with
the
least
money
get
the
best
education
C.
intelligent
children
are
always
selected
by
the
system
D.
only
really
clever
children
do
well
38.Working
class
children
are
thought
to
be
at
a
disadvantage
because
________.
A.
many
of
the
clever
ones
leave
school
early
B.
fewer
go
to
university
than
ever
before
C.
more
than
half
leave
school
when
they
are
16
D.
fewer
boys
than
girls
stay
at
school
after
16
39.
Many
children
leave
school
early
because
________.
A.
their
social
background
makes
them
unhappy
B.
they
have
to
give
something
to
their
family’s
income
C.
their
school
is
a
dull
and
unhappy
place
D.
their
parents
don’t
allow
them
to
make
their
own
decisions
40.
This
article
shows
that
equal
opportunity
in
education
________.
A.
is
a
thing
of
the
past
B.
has
not
yet
been
achieved
C.
is
there
for
those
who
deserve
it
D.
has
greatly
improved
our
society
四
、信息匹配（本大题共1小题，共10分）
首先请阅读下列警方通报查找人员的信息：
A.
Name:
Ziggy
Nizott
Height:
1.82
m
Weight:
90kg
Age:
35
Details:
Long
history
of
violent
crime
including
robbery,assault
and
car
theft.
B.
Name:
Dennis
Tsokas
Height:
1.95
m
Weight:
70
kg
Age:
28
Details:
Well
known
to
local
police
having
been
arrested
several
times
for
pick-pocketing.
C.
Name:
Michael
Clarke
Height:
1.7
m
Weight:
65
kg
Age:
20
Details:
Arrested
as
a
youth
for
car
theft
and
the
selling
of
stolen
goods.
D.
Name:
Mark
Hughes
Height:
1.6
m
Weight:
60kg
Age:
29
Details:
Is
wanted
by
police
for
several
armed
robbery
of
grocery
stores,banks
and
post
offices.
E.
Name:
Herb
Elliot
Height:
1.6
m
Weight:
90kg
Age:
22
Details:
Recently
released
from
prison
where
he
served
2
years
for
selling
stolen
goods.
F.
Name:
William
Daniels
Height:
1.6
m
Weight:
90kg
Age:
32
Details:
Arrested
4
times
for
the
selling
of
drugs
and
car
theft.
以下是相关事件及人物的描述，请把描述与相关插图及提示性文字匹配起来。
1.
A
valuable
dog
was
taken
while
being
walked
by
its
owner
in
City
Park
yesterday
afternoon.
Police
wish
to
talk
to
a
man
seen
nearby
at
the
time,described
by
witnesses
as
short
and
fat
with
short
light
hair
and
clear
glasses.
2.
Yesterday
morning
at
9.30a.m.
a
man
armed
with
a
gun
entered
the
National
Bank
and
demanded
money
from
the
staff,before
fleeing
when
confronted
by
bank
security
staff.
Security
cameras
show
the
man
as
being
short
and
thin
with
shoulder
length
blonde
hair.
3.
A
tall,strong
built
man
with
blonde
hair,a
thick
black
moustache
and
wearing
dark
glasses
knocked
a
woman
to
the
ground
and
stole
her
purse
on
Main
Street
last
Saturday
afternoon.
If
you
see
this
man,do
not
approach
as
he
is
considered
extremely
dangerous.
4.
At
the
football
match
between
Manchester
United
and
Liverpool,several
people
had
their
wallets
stolen
while
waiting
in
line
to
buy
food.
The
victims
did
not
see
or
notice
the
thief
but
bystanders
describe
him
as
very
tall
and
thin,clean
shaven
with
short
light
hair.
5.
A
car
was
stolen
from
the
supermarket
carpark
on
Friday,June
23
this
year
by
a
man
described
as
very
young,1.7
metres
tall
with
thin
dark
hair
and
carrying
a
blue
backpack.
A
reward
of
$500
is
offered
for
the
car’s
recovery.
五
、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共30分）
假如你是福建省某中学高三学生李华，拟参加某英语报社组织的“畅想未来，规划人生”的征文活动。请根据以下内容要点及要求写一篇征文稿。
内容要点：
1.
规划内容；
2.
规划理由；
3.
实现途径；
……
注意：
1.
征文应包含以上内容，可适当拓展；
2.
开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3.
征文中不能出现考生的具体信息；
4.
词数：120左右。
My
Plan
for
the
Future
Senior
year
is
coming
to
an
end.
It
is
high
time
for
me
to
think
about
my
future
plan.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
一
、单项填空
【答案】【知识点】A11
动词的时态与语态
【答案解析】D。解析：twice
a
week
over
the
past
year到目前为止的一段时间内重复发生的活动,要用现在完成进行时。他对打网球很感兴趣，在过去的一年里他每周都打两次网球。
【技巧点拨】看到over
the
past
year,要用现在完成时，四个选项中只有D和现在完成时有关。
【典型总结】The
old
man
has
been
repairing
cars
for
thirty
years.
老人修车修了三十年了。
It
has
been
raining
since
last
Sunday.
自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。
D考查动词短语的含义。句意：在交通灯变化的时候，驾驶员加速是极其危险的。pull
up停车；
put
up贴；搭起；rise
up上升；pick
up此处“加速”。
B
the
one作同位语，特指the
CEO
0fthe
company。
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据句意：在大多数动物的世界里，夜晚是留下来用以睡眠的时间。故选A“搁置，留出”
答案：C
考查名词性从句。句意：中国的改革开放现在已经进行了大约三十年，效果非常明显。________
is
like
about
30
years
now是介词for的宾语，该部分缺少主语，所以选起双重作用的what。
二
、完形填空
参考答案DACBC
ADCDA
BCDBD
ABDBC
：
三
、阅读理解
60.
D61.
B62.
C63.
D
A篇36-40BCABB
36.
选B。有学生误选A、C或者D，原因是没有领会文章第一段的含义。
37.
选C。
38.
选A。有学生误选B或者C，原因是不能领会该段1-2句，尤其是第二句话的含义。阅读文章第四段可知。
39.
选B。有学生想当然地误选D。阅读文章最后一段，尤其根据“It
is
clear
too
that
the
reasons
why
such
children
leave
have
much
to
do
with
their
social
background.
Their
parents
often
need
the
extra
money
another
money-earner
would
bring
in;”判断可知。
40.
选B。有学生会误选D，原因是误把“尚未实现的平等受教育的机会”理解成“已经实现”。
四
、信息匹配
EDABC
五
、书面表达
参考范本
My
Plan
for
the
Future
Senior_year_is_coming_to_an_end._It_is_high_time_for_me_to_think_about_my_future_plan._
Since
childhood,I
have
been
dreaming
to
be
a
scientist
to
predict
earthquakes.
I
can
never
forget
miserable
scenes
whenever
the
earthquake
strikes.
The
question
“Can
we
do
nothing
but
die？”
echoes
in
my
heart.
I
choose
not
to
believe
that!
Three
months
later,I
will
be
a
college
student.
I
am
planning
to
take
a
major
to
gain
professional
knowledge.
After
graduation,I
will
choose
a
world-famous
university,where
I
can
exchange
knowledge
and
skills
with
top
experts.
“Theory
without
experience
is
blind.”
I
will
catch
any
chance
to
gain
first-hand
experience.
I
am
determined
to
devote
my
lifetime
to
the
great
cause
and
firmly
believe
that,through
joint
efforts,predicting
earthquakes
will
be
a
piece
of
cake
in
front
of
us
mankind.
篇3：全国通用20XX版高考历史一轮复习专题一古代中国的政治制度专题整合提升
全国通用2018版高考历史一轮复习专题一古代中国的政治制度专题整合提升 本文关键词：专题，高考，中国，政治制度，复习
全国通用2018版高考历史一轮复习专题一古代中国的政治制度专题整合提升 本文简介：（全国通用）2018版高考历史一轮复习专题一古代中国的政治制度专题整合提升第一板块自主学习知识课——主干整合·知识再储备大制度古代中国政治制度的演变历程。大阶段先秦“家国同构”与秦汉至明清的专制主义中央集权。大线索中央集权制度的演变；君主专制制度的演变；选官用人制度的演变。一、古代中国政治制度的演变
全国通用2018版高考历史一轮复习专题一古代中国的政治制度专题整合提升 本文内容：
（全国通用）2018版高考历史一轮复习
专题一
古代中国的政治制度专题整合提升
第一板块
自主学习知识课——主干整合·知识再储备
大制度
古代中国政治制度的演变历程。
大阶段
先秦“家国同构”与秦汉至明清的专制主义中央集权。
大线索
中央集权制度的演变；君主专制制度的演变；选官用人制度的演变。
一、古代中国政治制度的演变历程及特点
1．演变历程
(1)经历了禅让制(原始社会后期)→王位世袭制(夏商时期)→分封制和宗法制(周)→君主专制中央集权制度(秦汉至明清时期)的演变历程。
(2)君主专制中央集权制度是古代中国政治制度的核心，战国、秦汉时期开始形成，经过历朝发展完善，到明清时期达到顶峰，在中国社会延续了两千多年。
2．演变特点
(1)经过两千多年的发展过程，源流分明，沿革脉络清晰，具有继承发展的特点。
(2)以皇权为中心，鼓吹“君权神授”，严格的尊卑等级，确保君主专制权力的独断性。
(3)人治高于法治。其实质是权治、官治的独裁专制统治。
(4)完备性、周密性和成熟性。从中央到地方设置完备的政治结构，建立起从中央到地方严密的统治网络。
(5)宗法关系残余严重影响到古代政治制度的建设，父权观念渗入到国家政治制度中。
(6)政治制度的发展演变过程中，儒家经典是君主专制制度的理论基础，是历代制定政治制度与政策的依据。
二、古代中国加强君主专制的主要措施
1．调整中央机构：秦始皇时期的三公九卿制；隋唐开始的三省六部制；明朝废丞相，以六部分理全国政务，设立内阁；清朝时设立南书房，后增设军机处。中央机构的设立和其职权的转变完全服从于专制君权的需要。
2．加强对地方的控制：秦汉时期的郡县制；西汉王国问题的解决；北宋削弱地方实力；元朝实行行省制；明朝在地方废行省，设立三司。
3．注重对官吏的监察：秦朝设置御史大夫兼理国家监察事务；汉代设置刺史，代表中央监察诸侯和地方高官；北宋设置通判监督知州；明朝设置提刑按察使司分管地方监察事务。
4．注重官员的选拔：汉朝实行察举制；魏晋南北朝时期实行九品中正制；隋唐开始实行科举制；明清时期实行八股取士。
5．加强思想控制：秦始皇“焚书坑儒”，汉武帝“独尊儒术”，明清“八股取士”和清朝“文字狱”，从控制对象的范围看，由镇压儒生，到控制官员选拔，再到控制和镇压全体人民。
一、春秋战国时期诸侯国与古希腊城邦的不同
类别
古代中国
古希腊
政治结构
中国春秋战国时期的各诸侯国逐渐走向统一的帝国
古希腊城邦始终以独立的政治单位分立于希腊古典世界
经济发展
中国春秋战国时期各诸侯国则大多以农为本，重农抑商
希腊城邦商品经济比较发达，农、工、商并重
政治制度
中国春秋战国时期的各诸侯国王权日益强大，最后发展成为君主专制制度
希腊城邦出现了共和政体，王权衰微，有的城邦甚至建立了比较发达的民主政治
文化特征
中国春秋战国时期的文明是依托大河和农耕，虽然此时的文化也具备多元化的特性，但不能改变封闭性和保守性特点
古希腊城邦孕育的文明依托海洋，具有开放性、创新性和多元性的特点
二、明清时期的中国与同一时期英国政治制度的差异
项目
明清时期的中国
与明清同时期的英国
政体形式
封建君主专制
资产阶级君主立宪制
权力中心
君主有无限的权力，君主意志即国家法律，臣民必须绝对服从
君主“统而不治”，议会是国家最高权力机关和立法机关
政府机构
明朝内阁和清朝军机处是君主专制强化的产物，没有决策权，对皇帝负责
英国实行责任内阁制，内阁对议会负责，是国家的决策中心
历史影响
君主专制强化，成为历史发展的障碍，是中国落后的政治根源
防止专制独裁，促进了资产阶级民主政治和资本主义的发展
第二板块
师生共研高考课——高考研究·能力再提升
考纲展示
考点归纳
真题举例
考情分析
(1)商周时期的政治制度
考点1
西周对历史传承的重视
考点2
宗法制的影响
考点3
分封制、礼乐制
考点4
从西周到春秋战国时期的社会转型
2016·全国卷丙，T24
2016·全国卷甲，T27
2014·全国卷Ⅱ，T24
2013·全国卷Ⅰ，T24
(1)从考查内容看，以古代中国政治文明的发展演变为主线，涉及分封制和宗法制、秦朝皇帝制度的创立和郡县制的实施、从汉到元政治制度演变的特点、明朝废丞相设内阁及清朝设立军机处等核心内容，中央集权制度下中央官制和地方行政制度的演变、选官的制度等是考查的重点
(2)2018年高考中，秦汉以来的政治制度将是考查的重点。命题可能集中于专制主义中央集权制度的发展演变这一核心问题上，也有一部分试题具体考查专制主义(皇权和相权的矛盾)或中央集权(中央和地方的关系)。题型以选择题为主、非选择题为辅
(2)秦中央集权制度的形成、汉到元政治制度的演变
考点1
汉承秦制
考点2
科举制
考点3
重史传统对宋代君主统治的影响
考点4
汉代外戚干政
考点5
汉代地方吏治
考点6
君主专制强化、“君权神授”思想
考点7
汉唐地方行政区划的变化
考点8
君主专制的强化
考点9
中国古代官员培养、选拔与考察
2016·全国卷丙，T25
2016·全国卷甲，T25
2016·全国卷乙，T26
2015·全国卷Ⅰ，T25
2015·全国卷Ⅱ，T25
2014·全国卷Ⅰ，T24
2013·全国卷Ⅰ，T41
2012·新课标全国卷，T29
2011·新课标全国卷，T40
(3)明清君主专制制度的加强
考点1
明代的地方行政管理
考点2
明代内阁制
考点3
清代军机处
2016·全国卷乙，T27
2014·全国卷Ⅱ，T27
2012·新课标全国卷，T28
以“时空观念”为核心，迁移考查主干知识
1．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ，T24)周代分封制下，各封国贵族按“周礼”行事，学说统一的“雅言”，促进了各地文化的整合。周代的“雅言”最早应起源于现在的(
)
A．河南
B．河北
C．陕西
D．山东
解析：选C。“雅言”是周王室使用的语言，而西周的统治中心镐京在今陕西省境内，故本题选择C项。
2．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ，T27)明初废丞相、设顾问性质的内阁大学士，严防权臣乱政。明中后期严嵩、张居正等内阁首辅操纵朝政，权倾一时。这表明(
)
A．皇权渐趋衰弱
B．君主集权加强
C．内阁取代六部
D．首辅权力失控
解析：选B。明太祖废除丞相，权分六部并设殿阁大学士。明成祖时设内阁，内阁不是法定的中央一级的行政或决策机构，它只是皇帝的内侍机构，本身并无决策权，内阁首辅虽有时会操纵朝政，但其权力并不是来自制度及其职位，而是来自最高统治者的个人支持与信任，故内阁首辅操纵朝政进一步体现了君主集权的加强，A项错误。C项“内阁取代六部”与史实不符，六部几乎变成内阁的下属机构，但未被“内阁取代”。D项内容违背了材料信息。
3．(2012·高考新课标全国卷，T28)清代内阁处理公务的案例“积成样本四巨册”，官员“惟揣摹此样本为急”，时人称之为：“依样葫芦画不难，葫芦变化有千端。画成依旧葫芦样，要把葫芦仔细看。”这反映出当时(
)
A．内阁职权下降导致官员无所事事
B．政治体制僵化官员拘泥规制
C．内阁机要事务繁忙官员穷于应付
D．皇帝个人独裁官员唯命是从
解析：选B。解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键信息“惟揣摹此样本为急”。材料本身没有反映内阁职权的变化及内阁官员事务是否繁忙，故排除A、C两项；D项不准确，材料没有反映官员服从皇帝命令的信息；“惟揣摹此样本为急”体现了在清代僵化的政治体制下，官员拘泥规制的情形，故选B项。
以“多源情境”为载体，突出考查历史思维能力和研究方法
1．(2012·高考新课标全国卷，T29)梁启超在论述中国古代专制政治发展时说：“专制权稍薄弱，则有分裂，有分裂则有力征，有力征则有兼并，兼并多一次，则专制权高一度，愈积愈进。”从中国古代历史整体来看，这一论述中可以确认的是(
)
A．君主专制是维系统一的主要条件
B．分裂动荡是专制权力产生的前提
C．专制程度随历史进程而不断加强
D．武力夺取政权是专制制度的基础
解析：选C。解答本题的关键是提取材料有效信息并与所学知识进行联系。材料中的“……专制权……愈积愈进”体现了专制程度不断加深，联系所学知识：中国古代从秦朝建立君主专制中央集权制度开始，一直到明清时期，专制程度呈现不断加强的趋势，尤其是清朝军机处的建立，标志着中国古代君主专制达到了顶峰，故选C项。
2．(2013·高考全国卷Ⅰ，T24)在周代分封制下，墓葬有严格的等级规定。考古显示，战国时期，秦国地区君王墓葬规模宏大，其余墓葬无明显等级差别；在经济发达的东方六国地区，君王、卿大夫、士的墓葬等级差别明显。这表明(
)
A．经济发展是分封制度得以维系的关键
B．分封制中的等级规定凸显了君主集权
C．秦国率先消除分封体制走向集权统治
D．东方六国仍严格遵行西周的分封制度
解析：选C。解答本题的关键是提取有效信息：战国时期，秦国地区君王墓葬规模宏大，其余墓葬无明显等级差别，而东方六国地区君王、卿大夫、士的墓葬等级差别明显。这体现了秦国已经走向集权，C项正确。A项是对题干材料的错误解读；B项表述本身错误，分封制下君主权力有限；D项表述本身错误，春秋时期分封制就已经遭到破坏。
3．(2016·高考全国卷丙，T25)东汉王充在《论衡》中说：“萧何入秦，收拾文书(国家档案文献)，汉所以能制九州者，文书之力也。”其意在说明，西汉成功地实现对全国的统治，是因为汉初(
)
A．实行了崇尚儒家的政策
B．继承了秦朝的基本制度
C．未能充分发挥文书功能
D．官吏熟知秦朝典章制度
解析：选B。西汉初期崇尚黄老“无为而治”的思想，A项错误；C项与材料信息“文书之力也”不符；由材料可知，萧何收拾秦的文书，不能由此得出汉初官员都熟知秦朝典章制度的结论，D项错误；材料体现了汉承秦制的内容，B项符合题意。
4．(2016·高考全国卷乙，T26)史载，宋太祖某日闷闷不乐，有人问他原因，他说：“尔谓帝王可容易行事耶……偶有误失，史官必书之，我所以不乐也。”此事反映了(
)
A．重史传统影响君主个人行为
B．宋代史官所撰史书全都真实可信
C．史官与君主间存在尖锐矛盾
D．宋太祖不愿史书记录其真实言行
解析：选A。中国有重视记载历史的传统。由材料可知，史官对皇帝行为的记载影响皇帝的言行，故A项正确。由材料无法得出宋代史官所撰史书全都真实可信，B项说法太绝对，故排除。材料没有涉及史官与君主间的矛盾，排除C项。宋太祖只是不愿史书记载其失误，故D项错误。
5．(2016·高考全国卷乙，T27)明初废行省，地方分设三司，分别掌管一地民政与财政、司法、军事，直属六部。明中叶以后，皇帝临时派遣的巡抚逐渐演变为三司之上的地方最高行政长官。这一变化有助于(
)
A．扩大地方行政权力
B．提高地方行政效率
C．削弱六部的权限
D．缓解中央与地方的对立
解析：选B。三司直属六部，地方办事效率不高。明中叶以后，巡抚逐渐成为三司之上的地方最高行政长官，直接管理地方事务，并对皇帝负责，这有利于提高地方行政效率，故答案为B项。这一变化使地方行政权力遭到削弱，排除A项。地方行政机构变迁不会削弱六部的权限，排除C项。材料中的变化加剧了中央与地方的矛盾，排除D项。
以“立德树人”为宗旨，强化考查历史价值观
1．(2016·高考全国卷丙，T24)周代青铜器上的铭文与商代相比，字数越来越多，语句也愈加格式化。这些铭文大都记述个人业绩，追颂祖先功德，希冀子孙保用。这表明西周时(
)
A．创造了一种全新的文字体系
B．形成了重视历史传承的风尚
C．宗法制度受到了严重的挑战
D．青铜器的功用发生重大改变
解析：选B。商周时期的铭文并不属于全新的文字体系，A项错误；材料中没有关于青铜器功用的信息，D项错误；由铭文的内容“记述个人业绩，追颂祖先功德，希冀子孙保用”可知，材料体现的是重视家族传统的继承，C项错误，B项正确。
2．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ，T24)中国古代，“天”被尊为最高神。秦汉以后，以“天子”自居的皇帝举行祭天大典，表明自己“承天”而“子民”，官员、百姓则祭拜自己的祖先。这反映了秦汉以后(
)
A．君主专制缘于宗教权威
B．政治统治借助于人伦秩序
C．皇权至上促成祖先崇拜
D．祭天活动强化了宗法制度
解析：选B。解答本题的关键是准确理解材料信息。题干材料并没有涉及宗教，排除A项；材料没有强调皇权至上，并且皇权至上与祭天、祭拜祖先之间没有直接的联系，排除C项；仅从题干材料无法得出祭天活动强化了宗法制的结论，排除D项。
以“史鉴功能”为抓手，隐性考查社会热点问题
1．(2016·高考全国卷甲，T25)两汉实行州郡推荐、朝廷考试任用的察举制；经魏晋九品中正制，至隋唐演变为自由投考、差额录用的科举制。科举制更有利于(
)
A．选拔最优秀的官吏
B．鉴别官员道德水平
C．排除世家子弟入仕
D．提升社会文化水平
解析：选D。科举制把读书、考试与做官紧密联系起来，因此它有助于提高整个社会的文化水平，D项正确；A项“最优秀”的说法过于绝对；B项，科举制的选拔标准是才学，排除；C项“排除”说法过于绝对。
2．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ，T25)两汉时期，皇帝的舅舅、外祖父按例封侯；若皇帝幼小，执政大臣也主要从他们之中选择。这被当时人视为“安宗庙，重社稷”的“汉家之制”。汉代出现外戚干政的背景是(
)
A．皇帝依靠外戚抑制相权
B．“家天下”观念根深蒂固
C．母族亲属关系受到重视
D．刘氏同姓诸侯王势力强大
解析：选C。解答本题的关键是准确理解材料原意。材料中说两汉时期皇帝的舅舅、外祖父按例封侯，若皇帝年幼，执政大臣也从他们中选择，反映了母族亲属(外戚)在两汉时期的地位极高，另外皇帝年幼，很容易被外戚控制，导致汉代经常出现外戚干政，故选C项。
3．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ，T25)汉宣帝曾称：“与朕共治天下者，其唯良二千石(郡太守)乎！”后来的帝王反复重申上述观念。这主要体现了(
)
A．地方吏治是国家安定的重要因素
B．中央集权与地方分权之间的矛盾
C．汉代地方行政制度为后代所沿用
D．历代帝王将汉宣帝作为治国榜样
解析：选A。解答本题的关键是准确理解材料的含义。地方服从中央，中央对地方进行垂直管理是君主专制中央集权制度的重要内容。材料体现了汉宣帝高度重视郡太守的作用，而郡太守是地方的最高行政长官，所以A项正确；材料强调的是郡太守在国家治理中的作用，没有提及中央和地方之间的矛盾，故排除B项；材料强调的是汉宣帝的观念而非汉代地方行政制度对后世的影响，故排除C项；D项内容在材料中未提及。
4．(2016·高考全国卷甲，T27)福建各地族谱中有大量关于入台族裔回乡请祖先牌位赴台的记载，此类现象在清乾隆年间骤然增多，这说明乾隆年间(
)
A．族谱编修顺应了移民的需求
B．大陆移民已在台湾安居繁衍
C．内地宗族开始整体迁移台湾
D．两岸居民正常往来受到阻碍
解析：选B。族谱编修是中华民族的传统民俗，而非乾隆年间的特殊现象，A项排除。B项正确，当时大量的大陆移民已在台湾安居繁衍，因此他们纷纷将祖先的牌位请回台湾，以便于拜祭；C项材料无从体现且说法过于绝对；D项不符合材料信息。
突破全国卷压轴大题之主观题(第41题)
(2013·高考全国卷Ⅰ，T41)阅读材料，完成下列要求。
历史地图包含了政治、经济、文化等多种信息。
比较图a、图b，提取两项有关汉唐间历史变迁的信息，并结合所学知识予以说明。
【思维建模】
审设问
知识角度：汉代、唐代的政治、经济、文化
设问角度：提取两项有关汉唐间历史变迁的信息，予以说明
设问限定：比较两图，提取信息，结合所学知识说明
读材料
关键信息：图中汉代、唐代行政区域划分及变化；图片名称等
关联教材：汉代“州”的设置、唐代“道”的设置；汉唐经济发展程度的变化等
列思路
“是什么”，仔细观察地图，提取相关的有效信息；其次要对比所提取信息，即两幅地图的不同之处，纵向看变迁与变化
“为什么”，从政治、经济等角度分析说明原因，横向看联系与互动，加以论证说明(分类说明、中外说明、区域说明、转化说明、时代说明、进程说明、视野说明)
“怎么样”，从纵向变化所隐含历史变迁的政治、经济、文化等角度进行拓展性做答
【满分示例】
示例一：信息：汉代的州集中于黄河中下游地区，唐代的道南北分布大体平衡。
说明：隋唐时南方社会经济有了很大发展。
示例二：信息：汉代州名与唐代道名有很大不同。
说明：唐代“道”的划分更注重山川地理形势。
示例三：信息：与汉代相比，唐代南方地区行政区划明显增加，即“道”比“州”的数量增多。
说明：中央管辖版图扩大，唐代行政区划的发展更进一步。
示例四：信息：吐蕃、南诏、流求出现在唐代版图中。
说明：汉至唐边疆民族融合加强，疆域扩大，边疆地区与中原联系加强。
【变式训练】
(2017·菏泽模拟)阅读材料，完成下列要求。
历史地图包含了政治、经济、文化等多种信息。比较图一、图二，提取两项有关1929—1946年间历史变迁的信息，并结合所学知识予以说明。
解析：本题为提取图片信息及运用所学知识予以说明类型题目，
此类题目所给图片隐含信息丰富，提取并不难，难点在于利用所学知识说明提取的信息，本题中可以从区域位置的变化来进行提取信息并予以说明，如从中共控制区域的变化来思考，或从根据地的发展情况来考虑，或从中共实力的角度都可以。
答案：示例一：信息：中共控制下的主要区域由中国南部地区转移到北部地区。
说明：红军长征胜利，中共实现了战略转移；抗战时期八路军主要在华北开辟了大片抗日根据地。
示例二：信息：中共领导下的根据地得到极大的发展，区域和面积得以扩大。
说明：在抗日战争中，依靠抗日民族统一战线，深入敌后，建立和发展敌后抗日根据地，中共力量得以壮大。
示例三：信息：中国共产党领导的革命由在农村寻求突破到捍卫解放区的领导权。
说明：半殖民地半封建社会，敌人在中心城市力量强大，农村力量相对薄弱；抗战胜利后，蒋介石企图依靠美帝国主义支持来发动内战以消灭人民革命力量，抢夺胜利果实。(答出其中两项即可)
专题过关检测(一)
(时间：45分钟，分值：85分)
一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分)
1．(2017·三明质检)原始社会晚期的墓葬，有的随葬品量多且贵重，有的随葬品相当少甚至一无所有，但都葬在共同的公共墓地里。这主要反映(
)
A．社会不平等现象加剧
B．仍处于母系统治时期
C．氏族血缘关系依然牢固
D．文明的出现指日可待
解析：选C。按照材料意思，随葬品虽然有所差别，但是都葬在一起，一定程度上反映了当时的社会关系仍然处在氏族社会，维系这种社会形态的核心脉络——血缘关系还是比较稳定的，故C项正确。
2．(2017·盐城高三模拟)《礼记·王制》记载：“五十养于乡，六十养于国，七十养于学，达于诸侯。八十，月告存。九十，日有秩。”材料旨在说明西周(
)
A．确立了血缘纽带的宗法制度
B．弘扬了儒学的孝悌文化
C．强化了森严的社会等级秩序
D．形成了尊老敬老的风尚
解析：选D。材料“五十养于乡，六十养于国，七十养于学，达于诸侯。八十，月告存。九十，日有秩”表明西周规定按年龄大小由地方或国家分别承担养老责任，说明西周形成了尊老敬老的风尚，故D项正确。
3．(2017·黄冈高三质检)1978年，湖北随县一座战国时期大型贵族墓葬，出土了大量文物，特别是有象征天子权威的全套青铜编钟和九鼎八簋(guǐ)。经考证，墓主是曾国国君乙，故称“曾侯乙墓”。战国时期的其他诸侯墓葬中，也发现过编钟或九鼎。这些考古发现突出说明当时(
)
A．经济大发展使贵族陪葬品更加丰富
B．物质的富足刺激了精神生活的需求
C．青铜是当时财富和权势的主要象征
D．森严的等级秩序遭到破坏
解析：选D。材料没有体现出当时经济的大发展，故A项错误；材料没有体现出当时物质的富足，故B项错误；青铜编钟象征天子的权威，但不是材料的主旨，故C项错误；贵族墓葬出土了有象征天子权威的全套青铜编钟和九鼎八簋，表明当时天子权威受到挑战，森严的等级秩序遭到破坏，故D项正确。
4．在西周时代，“姓”和“氏”是两个概念，“姓”表明血统，“氏”则为“姓”的分支。贵族男子的“字”全称有三个汉字：第一字表长幼行辈(伯、仲、叔、季等)，第二字任意，末一字为“父”字。这说明姓氏名字制度在当时最主要的作用是(
)
A．强化宗族认同
B．维护尊卑关系
C．凸显贵族地位
D．继承华夏传统
解析：选B。从“姓”表明血统，“氏”则为“姓”的分支可知，强化宗族认同是姓、氏能起到的作用，但不是字的作用，故A项错误；西周时姓氏能区分贵贱和宗族，字能体现同一等级内的尊卑，故维护尊卑关系是姓氏名字最主要的作用，故B项正确；西周时期只有贵族有姓，但凸显贵族地位不能完全体现姓氏名字的作用，故C项错误；继承华夏传统不是材料体现内容的最主要作用，故D项错误。
5．(2017·四川名校联盟高三模拟)秦朝将领赵佗在担任龙川县令(属于广东)时，为解决将士生活上的缝补浆洗问题，赵佗上书秦始皇，请求派遣没有丈夫的女子到龙川，“以为士卒衣补”，秦始皇便征召了1.5万名女子前往南越(包括龙川)。秦王朝这一做法(
)
A．不利于民族矛盾的解决
B．有助于国家统一与民族融合
C．促进古代经济重心南移
D．扩大了秦王朝的统治疆域
解析：选B。根据“秦始皇便征召了1.5万名女子前往南越(包括龙川)”结合所学知识可知，南征南越是为了扩大秦朝的疆域，巩固国家的统一，同时派大量的女子到少数民族地区是加强和少数民族地区的联系，促进民族融合，故B项正确。
6．(2017·岳阳高三质检)傅乐成的《中国通史》中说：在此以前，无论名义上如何，中国实际是分裂的……“诸夏”或“中国”都是个笼统的概念，并没有确切的范围和实际的组织；到此“中国”二字有了具体的表现，它代表着一个庞大帝国和它的土地人民。促使此处“中国”概念变化的是(
)
A．分封制
B．郡县制
C．郡国并行制
D．行省制
解析：选B。郡县制的实行，实现了中央对地方的有效控制，使中国有了确切的范围和实际的组织，故B项正确；西周实行分封制，国家没有实现权力的高度集中，此时中国实际上仍然是分裂的，故A项错误；郡国并行制实行时国家已经有了确切的范围和实际组织，故C项错误；行省制的实行加强了中央对地方的控制，但此时国家已经有了具体的范围和实际组织，故D项错误。
7．因为缺乏必要的交通保障，所以分封制成为西周的可能选择。照此逻辑，以下说法最合理的是(
)
A．秦朝修建驰道使郡县制的存续成为可能
B．隋朝大一统加强了南北经济文化的交流
C．唐朝政通人和促成了经济文化的大繁荣
D．明清专制主义的强化使学术风气很沉闷
解析：选A。秦朝修建驰道有助于加强中央政府对地方的有效管理，从而使得郡县制的全面推行成为可能选择，符合材料推理逻辑，故A项正确；魏晋南北朝经济文化的不断交流融合奠定了隋统一的经济基础，不符合材料推理逻辑，故B项错误；政通人和是唐朝经济文化大繁荣的深刻反映，不符合材料推理逻辑，故C项错误；专制主义的强化并未构成学术风气沉闷的必要条件，不符合材料推理逻辑，故D项错误。
8．(2017·赣州高三检测)“门生”，顾名思义，即是学生。汉代经师的门生动辄成百、上千以至上万，并且登录于名册，经师与门生存在俱损俱荣的依附关系。叔孙通投刘邦之初，不举其弟子为官，便遭到弟子指责；叔孙通担任奉常后便请于高帝：“诸弟子儒生随臣久矣，与臣共为仪，愿陛下官之”，“高帝悉以为郎”。材料反映出(
)
A．察举制存在一定的弊端
B．儒生把持官员选拔
C．汉初官僚政治需要完善
D．汉初实行休养生息
解析：选C。官僚政治是建立在官吏的选拔和任命制基础之上的，而材料反映汉初官员的任用存在俱损俱荣的依附关系，这就背离了选拔、任命的原则，需要在实践中加以完善，故C项正确。
9．(2017·日照高三模拟)美国学者G·罗兹曼认为：“科举曾充当过传统中国的社会和政治动力的枢纽。这种考试是为维持儒家的国家正统的运作需要而设计的，是授予特权和打通向上层社会流动的手段，构成了社会理想的中国模式。”这是因为科举制的实施(
)
A．提升了政府官员的文化素质
B．体现了公正唯贤的选才标准
C．有利于强化专制和集权政治
D．促进了教育文化事业的发展
解析：选B。科举制是古代中国的选官制度，它以考试成绩作为选拔官员的依据，社会各个阶层是否能成为政府的官员，关键在于其学识，因而体现了公正唯贤的选才标准，故B项正确。
10．(2017·淮南高三模拟)公元1071年，枢密使文彦博对宋神宗说，“(皇帝)与士大夫共治天下，非与百姓共治天下也”。最能体现该主张的是(
)
A．派文官担任地方长官
B．由世家大族担任朝廷要职
C．由中央掌控地方赋税
D．抽调各地精兵去充实禁军
解析：选A。“(皇帝)与士大夫共治天下，非与百姓共治天下也”指皇权制度与官僚制度的结合，“文官”是士大夫的代表，担任地方长官，体现对地方权力的监督，故A项正确；世家大族在南朝时期逐渐消失，在唐代亦受到重创，故B项错误；“由中央掌控地方赋税”是加强中央集权的措施，与题意不符，故C项错误；“抽调各地精兵去充实禁军”是宋代强干弱枝的表现，与题意不符，故D项错误。
11．(2017·北京西城区高三检测)下面信息概述了某朝代政治上的部分特征。这应该是(
)
●门阀政治基本解体
●文官地位超过武将
●宰相职事权被分割
A．汉朝
B．唐朝
C．宋朝
D．清朝
解析：选C。随着科举制的实行，门阀士族衰落，到宋代，门阀政治基本解体，实行“重文轻武”政策，文官地位超过武将，宋代宰相的权力被分为三部分，因此材料反映的朝代是宋代，选择C项符合题意。
12．(2017·济宁高三模拟)中国古代高层行政区经历了秦汉的郡、魏晋南北朝的州、唐朝的道、宋朝的路、元朝的行省、明朝的布政使司和清朝的省的变迁，极不稳定，变化较大。这反映出(
)
A．中央与地方的矛盾长期存在
B．高层行政区的数量不断增多
C．地方行政区的权力不断扩大
D．中央与地方的分权日趋合理
解析：选A。根据材料可知从秦汉到明清地方的行政机构变化较大，极不稳定，说明中央与地方的矛盾长期存在，为维护统治，中央不断对地方机构进行调整，故A项正确。
二、非选择题(本大题共2小题，第13题25分，第14题12分，共37分)
13．(2017·湖北百所重点中学联考)阅读材料，完成下列要求。
材料一
隋文帝晚年“持法尤峻，喜怒不常，过于杀戮”，隋炀帝“益肆淫刑”“生杀任情”。贞观二年，唐太宗对大臣们说：“朕观《隋炀帝文集》，文辞奥博，亦知是尧、舜而非桀、纣，然行事何其反也！”大臣魏征解释道：“人君虽圣哲，犹当虚己以爱人，故智者献其谋，勇者竭其力。”唐初即制定“崇儒”的基本国策，其目的是要用儒家的礼、义、廉、耻、仁、爱来教育百姓尊礼守法，维护社会安定。在《贞观政要》中唐太宗曾说：“朕看古来帝王以仁义为治者，国祚延长；任法御人者，虽教弊于一时，败亡亦促。既见前王成事，足是元龟。今欲专以仁义诚信为治，望革近代之浇薄也。”又说：“失礼之禁，著在刑书。”由于失礼必入刑，所以“刑典仍用，盖风化未洽之咎”。
——阳传泽《贞观政要所见唐初统治集团法律思想》
材料二
《大明律》是我国封建法律制度史上一部有代表性的法典。包括五刑、十恶以及吏律、户律、礼律等，共30卷460条。《吏律》主要规定文武官吏应该遵循的职司法规及公务职责，“大臣专擅选官”“交结朋党紊乱朝政”等死罪条款为明律所特有；《户律》中调整经济关系的内容大为增加。
——《从〈大明律〉的制定看朱元璋的法制思想》
(1)根据材料一，指出唐太宗的治国之策，并结合所学知识说明这一策略形成的原因。(13分)
(2)根据材料二，概括《大明律》的特点。综合以上材料并结合所学知识，指出唐太宗和朱元璋的治国思想的相同之处。(12分)
解析：(1)第一小问治国之策，根据材料一，由“朕看古来帝王以仁义为治者，国祚延长……今欲专以仁义诚信为治，望革近代之浇薄也”“刑典仍用，盖风化未洽之咎”可以看出其以礼为重，礼法并用；第二小问原因，根据材料一，由隋文帝晚年“持法尤峻，喜怒不常，过于杀戮”和隋炀帝“益肆淫刑”“生杀任情”可以看出其吸收了前朝统治者为政失策的教训，由“唐初即制定‘崇儒’的基本国策，其目的是要用儒家的礼、义、廉、耻、仁、爱来教育百姓尊礼守法，维护社会安定”可以看出稳定建国初社会秩序的需要，由“人君虽圣哲，犹当虚己以爱人，故智者献其谋，勇者竭其力”可知其力推仁政和君主谦逊的个人品质。(2)第一小问特点，根据材料二“包括五刑、十恶以及吏律、户律、礼律等，共30卷460条”可知涉及内容广泛，根据材料二“《吏律》主要规定文武官吏应该遵循的职司法规及公务职责，‘大臣专擅选官’‘交结朋党紊乱朝政’等死罪条款为明律所特有”可知其维护专制的色彩明显，根据材料二“《户律》中调整经济关系的内容大为增加”可知其重视经济立法；第二小问相同点，根据材料一、二可知，其相同点为重法典，施仁政。
答案：(1)治国之策：以礼为重，礼法并用。
原因：唐太宗吸取前朝统治者为政失策速亡的教训；稳定建国初社会秩序的需要；部分大臣力推仁政和君主谦逊的个人品质。
(2)特点：涉及内容广泛；维护专制的色彩明显；重视经济立法。
相同：施仁政，重法典。
14．(2017·贵阳高三适应性测试)阅读材料，完成下列要求。
中国封建君主专制中央集权制度的建立与演变简表
阶段
演变
萌芽于战国
